Mamluks

The Mamluks were a powerful military class in Egypt and the Levant, originally composed of enslaved warriors who converted to Islam. Established in the 13th century, they rose to prominence after defeating the Mongols and Crusaders. The Mamluk Sultanate ruled Egypt for several centuries, providing stability and promoting trade, culture, and architecture, including the famous mosques and schools in Cairo. They are known for their distinctive cast of military leaders who were drawn primarily from non-Arab regions, including Turkey and Central Asia, showcasing a unique blend of cultures and influences in medieval Islamic history.