Karyotype analysis

Karyotype analysis is a laboratory technique used to examine an individual's chromosomes, which are the structures that carry genetic information. By staining and pairing chromosomes under a microscope, scientists can identify variations in number or structure, such as extra chromosomes or missing pieces. This analysis helps diagnose genetic disorders, assess developmental issues, and guide treatments. For example, it can detect conditions like Down syndrome, which is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. Overall, karyotype analysis is essential in understanding genetic health and abnormalities in individuals.