G-banding

G-banding is a laboratory technique used to visualize chromosomes, the structures that contain our DNA. In this process, chromosomes are stained with a special dye called Giemsa, which binds to specific regions and creates a pattern of dark and light bands. These bands help scientists identify individual chromosomes and detect structural changes or abnormalities, such as extra or missing parts, by analyzing the unique banding pattern. G-banding is a fundamental tool in genetics for karyotyping and diagnosing genetic disorders.