ion beams

Ion beams are streams of charged particles, typically atoms that have lost or gained electrons, allowing them to carry an electric charge. These beams are used in various applications, from medical treatments like cancer therapy to materials science for modifying surfaces and creating new materials. By accelerating these ions to high speeds, they can penetrate materials and induce changes at a microscopic level. The precision and control of ion beams make them valuable tools in research and industry, enabling advancements in technology and health.