HR (Homologous Recombination)

Homologous recombination (HR) is a natural process cells use to repair damaged DNA. It involves exchanging genetic material between similar or identical DNA sequences, usually during cell division. This ensures that when DNA breaks occur, the cell can accurately repair itself by using a matching piece of DNA as a template. HR is essential for maintaining genetic stability, preventing mutations, and contributing to genetic diversity in organisms. It plays a crucial role in the development and functioning of all living organisms, from bacteria to humans.