Gorter and Grendel

Gorter and Grendel refers to an influential 1920 scientific study by Dutch biophysicists A.D. Gorter and F. Grendel, which proposed the "lipid bilayer" model of cell membranes. They discovered that cell membranes are primarily composed of a double layer of lipid molecules, with hydrophilic (water-attracting) heads facing outward and hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails facing inward. This structure helps protect cells and regulate the movement of substances in and out, forming the basis for our understanding of cellular function and membrane dynamics in biology.