General Circulation Models (GCMs)

General Circulation Models (GCMs) are complex computer simulations used to understand and predict the Earth's climate system. They represent the atmosphere, oceans, and land by breaking them into grid cells and calculating how energy, moisture, and gases move between these cells over time. By inputting current climate data and greenhouse gas levels, GCMs can project future climate conditions, helping scientists study phenomena like global warming, weather patterns, and climate change impacts. These models are essential tools for policymakers and researchers in addressing environmental issues.