Geert Hofstede (Cultural Dimensions)

Geert Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions theory helps us understand how cultures differ across various societies. He identified six key dimensions: Power Distance (how inequality is perceived), Individualism vs. Collectivism (preference for individual vs. group goals), Masculinity vs. Femininity (value on competitiveness vs. care), Uncertainty Avoidance (comfort with ambiguity), Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation (focus on future vs. present), and Indulgence vs. Restraint (gratification levels). These dimensions provide a framework for comparing cultural values, which can enhance cross-cultural communication and collaboration in global interactions.