Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals

"Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals" is a key work by philosopher Immanuel Kant that explores the nature of morality. Kant argues that moral actions are based on a principle of duty, not just consequences. He introduces the concept of the "categorical imperative," a guideline for determining what is right by asking if an action can be universally applied. Essentially, moral rules should apply to everyone equally, promoting respect for individuals as autonomous agents. Kant's work lays the groundwork for modern ethical theories by emphasizing reason and universality in moral decision-making.