Epidemics

An epidemic is a sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease within a specific geographic area or population. It occurs when an infectious agent, such as a virus or bacteria, spreads rapidly among people. Factors contributing to epidemics include lack of immunity, population density, and environmental conditions. Unlike a pandemic, which extends across countries or continents, an epidemic is usually confined to a particular region. Effective public health responses, such as vaccination and hygiene measures, are essential to control and prevent epidemics and protect community health.