Edwin Smith Papyrus

The Edwin Smith Papyrus is an ancient Egyptian medical text, dating back to around 1600 BCE, although it likely contains even older material. It is considered one of the oldest known medical writings and focuses on surgery and trauma treatment. The papyrus details 48 cases, describing injuries, diagnostics, and treatments in a systematic manner, showcasing a surprisingly advanced understanding of anatomy and the human body for its time. This document reflects both practical medical practice and theoretical knowledge, highlighting early approaches to medicine and the importance of observation in diagnosis.