Ecology of viruses

The ecology of viruses refers to the study of how viruses interact with their environments, including hosts, other microorganisms, and ecosystems. Viruses can infect a wide range of organisms, from bacteria to plants and animals, influencing population dynamics and nutrient cycles. They can regulate host populations, promote genetic diversity through horizontal gene transfer, and shape community structures. While often associated with disease, viruses also play essential roles in ecosystems, such as controlling bacterial growth in oceans and aiding in the evolution of species. This interplay highlights their importance in maintaining ecological balance.