Earth’s biogeographic realms

Earth's biogeographic realms are distinct regions characterized by unique plant and animal communities, shaped by factors like climate, geography, and evolutionary history. There are several major realms, including the Nearctic (North America), Neotropical (South America), Palearctic (Eurasia and North Africa), Afrotropic (sub-Saharan Africa), Indo-Malay (Southeast Asia), Austral (Australia and New Zealand), and Oceanic (island groups). Each realm hosts species adapted to its environment, leading to rich biodiversity. Understanding these realms helps scientists study ecosystems, conservation efforts, and the impacts of climate change across different parts of the world.