Desalination

Desalination is the process of removing salt and other minerals from seawater to produce fresh water that is safe for drinking and irrigation. This technology is increasingly important in areas where freshwater sources are scarce. There are two main methods: distillation, which involves boiling water to create steam and then cooling it to create fresh water, and reverse osmosis, which uses a membrane to filter out salt. Desalination helps address water shortages but can be energy-intensive and costly, making it a supplementary solution to natural water sources rather than a primary one.