Catastrophe Theory

Catastrophe Theory is a mathematical framework used to study how small changes in conditions can lead to sudden and dramatic shifts in behavior or state. Imagine a smooth, stable landscape that suddenly transforms into a steep cliff due to a slight alteration—like how a minor change in pressure can cause a dam to fail. This theory helps explain complex systems in various fields, such as economics, psychology, and biology, where gradual changes accumulate and result in unexpected "catastrophic" outcomes. It highlights the sensitivity of systems and the potential for abrupt changes despite seemingly stable conditions.