Caesar cipher

The Caesar cipher is a simple encryption technique named after Julius Caesar, who reportedly used it for secure communication. It works by shifting each letter in a message by a fixed number of places in the alphabet. For example, with a shift of 3, 'A' becomes 'D', 'B' becomes 'E', and so on. When reaching the end of the alphabet, it wraps around; 'X' becomes 'A'. This method is easy to understand and implement, but also quite vulnerable to decoding, making it a basic example of classical encryption methods.