Brønsted-Lowry Theory

The Brønsted-Lowry Theory describes acids and bases based on their ability to transfer protons (hydrogen ions, H+). An acid is a substance that donates a proton to another, while a base is one that accepts a proton. When an acid donates a proton, it becomes a conjugate base; when a base accepts a proton, it becomes a conjugate acid. This theory helps explain many chemical reactions in biological systems, environmental processes, and industry, emphasizing the dynamic transfer of protons between substances rather than just their composition.