Aristotle's 4 causes

Aristotle identified four causes to explain why things exist: 1. **Material Cause**: What something is made of. For instance, a chair is made of wood. 2. **Formal Cause**: The design or blueprint of an object, like the idea of a chair that dictates its structure. 3. **Efficient Cause**: The agent or process that brings something into being, such as a carpenter who builds the chair. 4. **Final Cause**: The purpose or function of an object, which for a chair is to provide a place to sit. Together, these causes provide a comprehensive explanation of an object's existence.