Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a protein produced mainly by the liver and yolk sac of a developing fetus. In pregnant women, AFP levels can help assess fetal development and screen for certain birth defects, like spina bifida. In adults, high AFP levels may indicate liver diseases, certain cancers (especially liver cancer), or germ cell tumors. AFP is measured through a blood test, and while it can provide important health insights, elevated levels do not always mean disease, so further evaluation is often needed. Understanding AFP can help in monitoring and diagnosing various medical conditions.