5. Citizenship and Naturalization

Citizenship and naturalization are key concepts in migration law. Citizenship refers to the legal status of being a member of a country, granting individuals certain rights and responsibilities. Naturalization is the process through which a foreign national becomes a citizen of another country, often involving residency requirements, language proficiency, and knowledge of the country’s laws and culture. This process can vary by country but generally entails submitting an application, passing exams, and taking an oath of allegiance. Ultimately, it allows immigrants to enjoy full legal rights and participate fully in society.