20th-century Turkey

In the 20th century, Turkey underwent significant transformation, primarily after the fall of the Ottoman Empire post-World War I. In 1923, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founded modern Turkey, implementing sweeping reforms to secularize and modernize the nation, including education, language, and legal systems. Turkey became a republic, emphasizing nationalism and industrialization. The country faced challenges, including military coups, political instability, and economic difficulties. Throughout the century, Turkey maintained a strategic position between Europe and Asia, dealing with issues like identity, religion, and governance, ultimately becoming a key player in global politics and a member of NATO.