19th century France

Nineteenth-century France was a period marked by significant political, social, and cultural change. Following the French Revolution (1789), the country experienced shifts between monarchy, empire, and republic. Key events included the rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte, the establishment of the Second Empire under Louis Napoleon, and the eventual emergence of the Third Republic. This era saw the spread of industrialization, urbanization, and revolutionary movements advocating for social justice and workers' rights. Additionally, it was a time of artistic brilliance, with movements like Romanticism and Realism flourishing in literature and the arts.