vertex shaders

Vertex shaders are specialized programs within the graphics processing unit (GPU) that handle the processing of 3D object points, called vertices. They determine how each vertex is positioned in space, how it interacts with light, and how it should be transformed when object or camera movements occur. Essentially, vertex shaders prepare the raw geometric data to be displayed correctly on the screen, ensuring objects appear in the right place, orientation, and with proper shading. This process is fundamental for creating realistic and dynamic 3D visuals in video games and simulations.