Variational methods

Variational methods are mathematical techniques used to find the best solution from a set of possible solutions. They involve changing or "varying" a function to minimize or maximize a particular quantity, often used in physics, engineering, and optimization problems. Essentially, you start with a function and adjust it to achieve the most efficient outcome, such as the least energy state in a physical system. This approach helps solve complex problems by translating them into optimization tasks, making it easier to find effective solutions in various scientific and practical applications.