Uthman ibn Affan

Uthman ibn Affan was the third caliph of Islam, ruling from 644 to 656 CE. He was a close companion of the Prophet Muhammad and played a significant role in the early Islamic community. Uthman is best known for commissioning the compilation of the Quran into a single, standardized text, which helped preserve the holy scriptures. His leadership faced criticism due to perceived nepotism and rising unrest among Muslims, leading to his assassination. Uthman's legacy is complex, reflecting both his contributions to Islam and the challenges during his caliphate, which ultimately contributed to the early civil strife in the Muslim community.