Ulgulan

Ulgulan, also known as the "Great Tumult," is a socio-political movement led by the Santhal tribes in India during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a rebellion against British colonial authorities and exploitative local zamindars (landlords), who encroached on Santhal lands and controlled their resources. The movement aimed to restore Santhal rights to land, maintain their cultural identity, and oppose oppressive policies. Led by Sidhu Murmu and others, Ulgulan was both a fight for social justice and environmental sustainability, seeking to protect the community’s land, traditions, and independence from external control.