Turkish political history

Turkish political history has evolved significantly since the late Ottoman Empire's decline in the early 20th century. The Republic of Turkey was established in 1923 under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who introduced secular reforms and modernization efforts. Post-World War II, Turkey transitioned to a multi-party system, experiencing military coups in 1960, 1971, and 1980 due to political instability. In the 2000s, the Justice and Development Party (AKP) emerged, promoting Islamic-oriented policies and consolidating power. Recent years have seen increasing authoritarianism under President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, along with debates over democracy, human rights, and Turkey's role in global politics.