Thermoelectric materials

Thermoelectric materials are substances that can convert heat directly into electricity and vice versa. They work based on the temperature difference across their sides; when one side is hotter, they generate electrical voltage, allowing energy harvesting from waste heat or providing cooling without moving parts. These materials are useful for power generation in remote areas or for temperature control in devices. Their efficiency depends on their ability to conduct electricity well but resist heat flow. Advances in thermoelectric materials aim to improve performance and expand applications in energy and cooling technologies.