Theories of Fertility Transition

Theories of fertility transition explain how birth rates decline as societies develop. Key factors include economic development, which increases the cost of raising children and encourages smaller families; improved education, especially for women, which leads to delayed marriage and childbearing; and access to contraception, allowing families to plan the number and timing of births. Additionally, changes in social norms and values favor smaller families over time. Together, these influences contribute to a shift from high to low fertility rates, reflecting broader changes in society and individual choices.