The role of phytoplankton in carbon fixation

Phytoplankton are microscopic plants that live in oceans and freshwater. They play a crucial role in carbon fixation, which is the process of converting carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into organic matter. Through photosynthesis, phytoplankton absorb sunlight and CO2, producing oxygen and forming the base of the aquatic food web. By capturing carbon, they help regulate climate by keeping CO2 levels in check. When phytoplankton die, some of this carbon sinks to the ocean floor, where it can be stored for long periods, contributing to the Earth's carbon cycle and reducing the impact of climate change.