The Indian Act (Canada)

The Indian Act is a Canadian federal law, established in 1876, that governs the relationship between the Canadian government and Indigenous peoples. It outlines the legal status of First Nations, their rights to land, governance, and benefits, but has been criticized for imposing limitations on Indigenous self-determination and culture. While it was intended to protect Indigenous interests, it often enforced assimilation policies. The Act continues to be a significant and controversial part of Canadian law, shaping the lives and rights of Indigenous communities across the country. Efforts to reform or replace the Act are ongoing.