The Handicap Principle

The Handicap Principle suggests that animals use costly signals, like bright plumage or elaborate displays, to show they are strong, healthy, or well-suited for reproduction. These signals are expensive to produce and maintain, so only the best individuals can afford them. This honesty in signaling helps mates assess true qualities, ensuring reproductive success. In essence, the difficulty or cost of the display acts as a reliable indicator of an individual's fitness, demonstrating they are capable of bearing the burden of such traits.