The Carbonate System of the Ocean

The carbonate system of the ocean refers to the balance of carbon dioxide (CO2), bicarbonate (HCO3-), and carbonate ions (CO32-) in seawater. When CO2 from the atmosphere dissolves in the ocean, it reacts with water, creating carbonic acid, which then breaks down into bicarbonate and carbonate. This system helps regulate ocean acidity and supports marine life, such as coral reefs and shellfish, which rely on carbonate ions to build their shells and skeletons. Changes in this system due to climate change can impact marine ecosystems and global carbon cycling significantly.