Carbonate buffering

Carbonate buffering is a natural process that helps maintain stable pH levels in water, especially in oceans. It involves chemicals like carbonate (CO₃²⁻) and bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) that react with acids or bases, absorbing excess hydrogen ions (which make water more acidic) or releasing them when needed. This system acts like a buffer, preventing sudden pH changes that could harm aquatic life. Essentially, carbonate buffering maintains a balanced, healthy environment in bodies of water by stabilizing acidity levels through chemical reactions.