Tanh (Hyperbolic Tangent)

The hyperbolic tangent, often denoted as "tanh," is a mathematical function that describes a smooth curve. It takes any real number input and outputs values between -1 and 1. The function is shaped like an "S," making it useful in various fields, such as statistics, neural networks, and physics. In practical terms, tanh can help model relationships where values naturally limit between two extremes, such as temperature changes or population growth. It's particularly valued in machine learning for its ability to normalize data, improving the performance of algorithms.