Sine and Cosine Functions

Sine and cosine are fundamental mathematical functions that describe how angles relate to ratios of sides in a right triangle. Imagine a circle and a point moving along its edge; as the point moves, its height above the center corresponds to the sine of the angle, while its horizontal position corresponds to the cosine. These functions are periodic, repeating every 360 degrees (or 2π radians), and are crucial in fields like engineering, physics, and signal processing for modeling waves, oscillations, and rotations. Essentially, sine and cosine provide a way to describe cyclical patterns mathematically.