sp Hybridization

Sp hybridization occurs when an atom's central atom forms two strong bonds in a linear arrangement, using one s orbital and one p orbital from its outermost electrons to create two hybrid orbitals. These hybrid orbitals are directed 180° apart, resulting in a straight, linear shape. This type of hybridization is common in molecules like acetylene (ethyne), where the carbon atoms are connected by a triple bond. It helps explain the molecule’s geometry and bonding behavior by combining the atom’s atomic orbitals into new, hybridized shapes that influence bond angles and properties.