Soil Horizons

Soil horizons are distinct layers within the soil, each with unique characteristics. The uppermost layer, known as the O horizon, consists of organic matter like decomposed leaves. Below it is the A horizon or topsoil, rich in nutrients and where most plants grow. The B horizon, or subsoil, accumulates minerals and nutrients leached from above. Finally, the C horizon contains weathered rock and soil parent material, transitioning to the bedrock below. Each layer plays a crucial role in supporting ecosystems, water retention, and plant growth, reflecting the soil's development over time.