Shannons' information theory

Shannon's information theory is a framework for understanding how information is transmitted and processed. It focuses on the concepts of data, uncertainty, and communication efficiency. At its core, it defines information in terms of reducing uncertainty; the more unexpected an event is, the more information it provides. The theory also introduces concepts like entropy, which measures information's randomness, and channel capacity, which is the maximum amount of information that can be reliably transmitted over a communication channel. This theory is foundational in fields like telecommunications, cryptography, and data compression, guiding how we manage and understand information in various systems.