Russian intellectual history

Russian intellectual history reflects a rich tapestry of thought influenced by Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Western philosophy, and political currents. Key figures include thinkers like Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky, who explored moral and ethical dilemmas. The 19th century saw the rise of radical ideas, with philosophers like Alexander Herzen advocating for social reform. The 20th century brought revolutionary theories, notably Marxism, profoundly impacting society. The Soviet era fostered state-controlled ideologies, while post-Soviet Russia witnessed a resurgence of diverse philosophical debates. Throughout, Russian intellectualism has grappled with identity, freedom, authority, and the quest for meaning in a rapidly changing world.