runoff

Runoff refers to the water, primarily from rain or melting snow, that flows over the surface of the land rather than soaking into the ground. It occurs when the ground is saturated or impervious (like concrete or asphalt), preventing absorption. Runoff can carry nutrients, sediments, pollutants, and debris into rivers, lakes, and streams, impacting water quality. Managing runoff is important to prevent erosion, reduce flooding, and protect ecosystems. Strategies like creating permeable surfaces, installing rain gardens, and maintaining vegetation help increase water infiltration and reduce the negative effects of runoff.