Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Function

Thyroid hormone regulation involves a feedback system mainly controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in the brain. When the body needs more thyroid hormones, the hypothalamus releases thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), prompting the pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH signals the thyroid gland to produce hormones like thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). When hormone levels are sufficient, the hypothalamus and pituitary reduce TRH and TSH production to maintain balance. This system ensures that metabolism, energy levels, and overall health are properly managed.