Thyroid Hormone, Thyroid Gland, Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), Endocrinology, Ross's syndrome, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, National Institutes of Health (NIH), American

The thyroid gland is a small butterfly-shaped organ in your neck that produces hormones (T3 and T4) essential for regulating metabolism and energy. The hypothalamus in the brain signals the pituitary gland to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which prompts the thyroid to produce T3 and T4. Disorders like Graves' disease cause overproduction, leading to hyperthyroidism, while Hashimoto's thyroiditis results in underproduction or hypothyroidism. Ross's syndrome involves nerve issues affecting sweating and eye movements. Endocrinology is the medical specialty studying hormones like these, and organizations like the NIH provide research and treatment guidelines.