Refractive Errors.

Refractive errors occur when the shape of the eye prevents light from focusing directly on the retina, leading to blurred vision. The main types include myopia (nearsightedness), where distant objects appear blurry; hyperopia (farsightedness), where close objects are difficult to see; astigmatism, which causes overall distortion in vision; and presbyopia, the age-related difficulty in focusing on near objects. These conditions can typically be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery, helping restore clear vision for daily activities. Regular eye exams are important for early detection and proper management.