protocol stack

A protocol stack is a set of communication rules and procedures that allow different computer systems to communicate over a network. Think of it like layers of a cake, where each layer has a specific role: one handles the physical connection (like wires), another formats the data for transmission, and others manage error handling or routing. When a message is sent, it passes through these layers, with each one adding its information before reaching the recipient. This structure ensures that data is transmitted reliably and efficiently between devices, regardless of their underlying technology.