Proppants

Proppants are small, granular materials used in hydraulic fracturing (fracking) to keep cracks in underground rock open, allowing oil or natural gas to flow more freely. When water and sand (the most common proppant) are injected into wells at high pressure, they create fractures in the rock. The proppants fill these fractures, preventing them from closing, which enhances resource extraction. Proppants can be made from various materials, including sand, ceramics, or resin-coated substances, and their effectiveness can significantly impact the efficiency of oil and gas recovery operations.