Plant secondary metabolites

Plant secondary metabolites are chemical compounds produced by plants that are not directly involved in their growth or reproduction. Instead, these substances help plants defend against pests, diseases, and environmental stress, or attract pollinators. Examples include alkaloids like caffeine, which can stimulate humans; flavonoids, with antioxidant properties; and terpenes, responsible for plant scents. While not essential for the plant’s basic survival, these compounds play important roles in plant health and interaction with their environment. Humans also utilize many secondary metabolites for medicine, flavors, and fragrances.