phytoplankton blooms

Phytoplankton blooms are rapid increases in microscopic plant-like organisms called phytoplankton in bodies of water. They thrive when conditions are ideal, such as ample sunlight, warm temperatures, and nutrient availability from runoff or upwelling. These blooms can turn water colors like green, red, or brown. While phytoplankton form the base of aquatic food chains, excessive blooms can cause problems, including oxygen depletion and toxin production, which affect marine life and human health. They are natural but can become problematic if they occur in large, persistent quantities, often linked to nutrient pollution.