Phase space

Phase space is a conceptual framework used in physics to fully describe a system's state. It combines all its possible positions and momenta (motion details) into a single multi-dimensional space. For example, in a simple system like a moving particle, phase space might include the particle's location and velocity. By plotting these variables together, phase space provides a complete picture of the system’s behavior over time, allowing scientists to analyze how it evolves, predict future states, and understand complex dynamics.