Patent Pool, MPEG LA, Open Invention Network, Avanci, Google, IBM, Qualcomm, Samsung, RIM (Research In Motion), Affecting Factors Theory, Antitrust Law, Standard Essential Patents (SEPs), Fair, Reasonable, and Non-Discriminatory (FRAND) Terms, Electronic F

A patent pool is a consortium where companies share patents, often for mutual benefit and easier licensing. Organizations like MPEG LA and Avanci help manage these pools for technologies like video coding and IoT, ensuring fair access. Standard Essential Patents (SEPs) are patents necessary for industry standards. Companies must license these under Fair, Reasonable, and Non-Discriminatory (FRAND) terms to prevent unfair advantages. Antitrust laws promote competition, while groups like the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) advocate for digital rights. The IEEE provides technical standards. Major companies like Google, IBM, Qualcomm, Samsung, and RIM navigate these frameworks to innovate while respecting intellectual property rights.